Give a good theoretical basis for further adventures in high energy physics and cosmology. In relation to the competence profile of the degree it is the explicit focus of the course to: The course builds on the knowledge acquired in the quantum mechanics courses and in the course FY812 (General Relativity and Cosmology), and gives an academic basis for completing a master thesis or carrying out research at the PhD level within these topics. This is important in order to reach a level, where one can follow the active research in theoretical high energy physics and cosmology. After the replacement of the naked singularity to the practical high density region the instantaneous diverging radiation would change to more milder one with finite duration.The aim of the course is to enable the student to enable the student to understand the foundations of three of the most fundamental problems in modern physics the black hole information paradox, the cosmological constant problem, and the problem regarding the quantum origin of our universe. This diverging negative ingoing flux is balanced with the outgoing positive diverging flux which propagates along the Cauchy horizon. The intensity of it is divergent only at the central naked singularity. That book is more advanced and rigorous than BD's textbook from the theoretical viewpoint, but it deals with a considerably. Another interesting book is Fulling's one ('Aspects of QFT in curved spacetime'). The ingoing negative flux crosses the Cauchy horizon. The much more recent book by Mukhanov and Winitizki can be considered a physically modern version of it (at least referring to some topics). This would be converted to the diverging flux along the Cauchy horizon. The quantum energy is gathered around the center positively. We depict the generation of the diverging flux inside the collapsing star. To predict whether the naked singularity explosion occurs or not we need the theory of quantum gravity. naked singularity would not be affected by this quantum field radiation. Our present results show that the back reaction does not become important during the semiclassical phase. We use the exact expressions in a 2D model formulated by Barve et al. In the previous works diverging flux of quantum radiation was predicted. The behaviors of quantum stress tensor for the scalar field on the classical background of spherical dust collapse is studied. It is tempting to speculate that this might be the reason why the Universe contains so This shows that gravitational collapse converts the baryons and leptons Of a black hole cannot decrease, there remains a Generalized Second Law:S+1/4A never decreases whereS is the entropy of matter outside black holes andA is the sum of the surface areas of the event horizons. 
Although these quantum effects violate the classical law that the area of the event horizon Hole and to its eventual disappearance: any primordial black hole of mass less than about 1015 g would have evaporated by now. This thermal emission leads to a slow decrease in the mass of the black Where κ is the surface gravity of the black hole.
\frachk2pk » 10 - 6 ( \fracM\odot M )° K\frac^ \circ K However it is shown that quantum mechanical effectsĬause black holes to create and emit particles as if they were hot bodies with temperature In the classical theory black holes can only absorb and not emit particles. In order to keep the review to a reasonable size, and to avoid overwhelming non-experts, we have had to leave out several interesting topics, results and viewpoints this is meant to be an introduction to the subject rather than an exhaustive review of it. We have chosen one which is deeply rooted in well-established physics and also has sufficient mathematical precision to ensure that there are no hidden infinities. (These can be found in the listed references.) The subject can be approached in different ways. While the review is essentially self-contained, the emphasis is on communicating the underlying ideas and the significance of results rather than on presenting systematic derivations and detailed proofs. To aid non-experts, very little is assumed beyond elements of general relativity, gauge theories and quantum field theory. Thus, in addition to providing a bird's eye view of the present status of the subject, the review should also serve as a vehicle to enter the field and explore it in detail. The goal of this review is to present an introduction to loop quantum gravity-a background-independent, non-perturbative approach to the problem of unification of general relativity and quantum physics, based on a quantum theory of geometry.
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